If you are a fan of the Dragon Ball Anime series and follow it on social media then you may have encountered this debatable question, who is better Gohan or Goten, or who has more potential. So, here's an explanation.
Gohan and Goten both are Half-Saiyans and have huge potential. But, who has more potential to get as strong as Goku or surpass Goku.
First of Gohan has always been stronger than Goten, because he is 11 years old after all. Both Gohan and Goten have shown great potential at a young age.
For example, Goku couldn't become Super Saiyan until he was an adult, but on the other hand, Gohan became a Super Saiyan at the age of 11 and Goten became a Super Saiyan when he was only 7 years old.
Now, don't just decide that Goten has more potential because he achieved Super Saiyan form at an earlier age.
Gohan's History
We have seen Gohan grow from a little kid into a man. Gohan watched so many battles over time, Gohan even fought Vegeta and Frieza. And also, Gohan did train with Piccolo and Goku.
He even spent a year in the Hyperbolic Time chamber training with Goku, where he became the Super Saiyan. He also achieved Super Saiyan 2 form during Cell's Arc and became the strongest man in the world after defeating Cell.
Gohan has a significant amount of hidden potential and he did surpass Goku and Vegeta in Dragon Ball Z during the fight with Cell. But, as Gohan grew up, he did not get any special power upgrades and by the time we reached Dragon Ball Super, Gohan is out of the game.
Goku, Vegeta, and Frieza surpassed Gohan in no time. Now maybe this happened because Gohan did not fight powerful enemies for a long time and also stopped his training, but before the Tournament of Power, we did saw Gohan fighting in his base form with Goku in Super Saiyan Blue, which can be an indication of a future power upgrade.
Goten's History
Goku's second son, Goten has a completely different childhood than his older brother, Gohan. Goku wasn't even alive when Goten was born. Even though Goten was not trained by fighters like Piccolo or Goku, he has beaten Gohan by four years to become the youngest Super Saiyan in the world.
And the more amazing fact is that Goten doesn't have to do much training to become a Super Saiyan. Unlike Gohan, Goten doesn't need training at the Hyperbolic Time Chamber, he became a Super Saiyan like it is as simple as walking.
Unfortunately, Goten relies on fusion with Trunks, rather than his own power. Goten's only significant fight without fusion was against Trunks during the World Martial Arts Tournament and even there he loses at his own will. Goten also lacks the necessary combat experience to get stronger.
Conclusion
It is yet not certain if Goten can become stronger than Gohan or not. But, he definitely has potential. And it is possible for Goten to become stronger than Gohan if he trains with Goku. He can even become the strongest man in the total Dragon Ball Series.